| 00:00:36 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THESE NIXON LEGACY FORUMS WITH THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES. IN ESSENCE, THE ARCHIVES HAS THE DOCUMENTS, AND WE TEND TO PRODUCE THE PEOPLE WHO PRODUCE THE DOCUMENTS...
|
| 00:01:15 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES. TODAY'S FORUM WILL BE THE 20th IN AN ONGOING SERIES THAT BEGAN AT THE NIXON LIBRARY BACK IN JANUARY 2010. RICHARD NIXON'S...
|
| 00:05:40 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TIME IN OUR HISTORY WHICH IS PERHAPS UNPRECEDENTED AND THE NUMBER OF ISSUES GLOBALLY NOTABLE FOR THE PROFOUND CHANGES THAT OCCURRED IN THE POWER BALANCE...
|
| 00:11:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MY RIGHT HAVE A WEALTH OF INSIGHT, EXPERIENCE, AND AN AWFUL LOT OF PRACTICAL KNOW-HOW, BUT THEY FOUGHT A LOT ABOUT THIS SUBJECT. THEY RANGE IN TERMS...
|
| 00:19:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF THE WORLD. HE SOMETIMES MADE THE ANALOGY OF THE 1960s WAS -- SMALL FLASH TO BEGIN IN A REGION AND COULD ALL OF A SUDDEN DRAW IN MAJOR POWERS FOR...
|
| 00:22:26 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE ESSENCE OF THE ROGERS PLAN. DOES HE SIMPLY ACQUIESCE NUMBER ONE BECAUSE HE THINKS THE PRESIDENT WANTS IT AND NUMBER TWO, IS HE THAT KEEN HIMSELF...
|
| 00:22:56 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF NOT HIS AREA. AND REMEMBER ONE OF MY FIRST CONTACTS WITH HIM, I WAS ON THE NFC STAFF DURING THE KENNEDY AND JOHNSON ADMINISTRATIONS AS YOU SAID...
|
| 00:25:33 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF 1970. THE ISRAELIS BEGAN AFTER HEAVIER BOMBARDMENTS, ISRAELIS DECIDE TO ACT TO HEAVY BOMBARDMENTS WHICH THE EGYPTIANS ARE DOING TO RAISE THE COST...
|
| 00:28:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HANDLING THE RUSSIANS AND THE RUSSIAN RELATIONSHIP WITH THEM IS ALSO VERY CRUCIAL. YOU DIDN'T HEAR MUCH ABOUT IT IN LATER YEARS. I THINK THEY ARE...
|
| 00:29:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SEPTEMBER WHERE RADICAL PALESTINIAN GROUPS HIJACK AIRPLANES INTO JORDAN, THIS KIND OF PUSHES THE KING TO DECIDE THAT ENOUGH OF A STATE WITHIN A STATE...
|
| 00:30:03 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHITE HOUSE, WHERE HE WAS THE CENTER AND HIS SAYING IN EFFECT THIS WAS THE MOST DANGEROUS SITUATION THAT HE HAD FACED. AND HE WAS EVEN REFLECTING...
|
| 00:33:12 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AIR FORCE AGAINST THE SYRIAN TANKS PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE AS WELL. >> I THINK THAT -- >> THEY DID THAT KNOWING THAT NIXON WOULDN'T NECESSARILY...
|
| 00:33:25 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
YEAH. I THINK THE BOTTOM LINE IS
|
| 00:33:28 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ONE THAT BILL DESCRIBES IN HIS BOOK AND THAT IS THE DECISIONS THAT WERE MADE, THE
|
| 00:33:32 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MOVES THAT WERE MADE AND SO ON A, GAVE KING HUSSEIN ENOUGH CONFIDENCE HE COULD SEND HIS AIR FORCE IN AND IF HE GOT INTO TROUBLE, TO USE HIS WORDS,...
|
| 00:33:52 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SYRIAN
|
| 00:33:54 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
POLITICS, THE AIR FORCE ISN'T COMMITTED. DICK, WHAT'S GOING ON IN SYRIA AT THIS TIME AND WHY DOES ASSAD MAKE THE DECISION HE DOES. OBVIOUSLY HE COMES...
|
| 00:34:25 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THAT DOMINATED US IN HIS FOREIGN POLICY, HIS MILITARY DECISIONS. IT DIDN'T HURT IN TERMS OF DOMESTIC POLITICS THAT HE SAVED THE AIR FORCE FROM GETTING...
|
| 00:36:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IMPACT THAT IT HAS ON FUTURE PEACE MAKING CLEARLY COMES AFTER THE WAR. I WANT US TO GET INTO THE '73 WAR. AND BE ABLE TO DISCUSS IT AND ALL THE VARIOUS...
|
| 00:37:37 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THINGS HAPPENED. HAL WAS INVOLVED IN SOME OF THEM. WE BEGAN A POLITICAL DIALOGUE WITH THE EGYPTIAN. KISSINGER IN THAT DIALOGUE SAID WE'LL GET TO THE...
|
| 00:55:29 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ON THESE TRIPS, YOU WERE WITH HIM SHAPING HOW IT WOULD BE DONE. CAN YOU GIVE US A SENSE OF THE FIRST MEETING THAT HE HAS WITH SADAT. BILL HAS DESCRIBED...
|
| 00:56:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DONE AROUND THE TIME AFTER THE WAR OF ATTRITION ENDED AND SO ON, THERE WAS A BRIEF PERIOD IN THERE WHEN THE STATE DEPARTMENT WAS AUTHORIZED TO PURSUE...
|
| 00:57:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 00:57:03 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BUT IT WAS PICKED UP NOW AND THIS WAS IN THE BACK OF KISSINGER'S MIND MOVING FROM THE BIG PACKAGE DEAL TO INTERIM STEPS. SO WHEN KISSINGER METAPHOR THE...
|
| 00:59:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SADAT THEN SAYS FINE, HE'LL DO IT. >> THEN THE NEXT THING
|
| 00:59:39 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THAT HAPPENED WAS
|
| 00:59:40 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AGAIN BACK TO THE SOVIET SIDE OF ALL THIS, THERE WAS AN AGREEMENT
|
| 00:59:46 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TO TRY TO ARRANGE AN CONFERENCE ON THE MIDDLE EAST IN GENEVA, WHICH WAS TO TAKE PLACE IN DECEMBER. AND SO THE SECOND CHAPTER IN THIS SAGA, ONCE THIS...
|
| 01:06:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE GENERALS. >> I WANT TO --
|
| 01:06:40 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THERE'S A DISENGAGEMENT THAT THERE'S A SHUTTLE OF 32 DAYS TO PRODUCE A
|
| 01:06:48 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DISENGAGEMENT. >> 36, ACTUALLY. >> YOU WERE SAYING WHOSE COUNTING. >> I WAS COUNTING. ONLY TIME IN MY LIFE I ASKED
|
| 01:06:57 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHETHER I COULD STAY ON MY
|
| 01:06:59 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
FEET. 26
|
| 01:07:01 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ROUND TRIPS BETWEEN TEL AVIV -- >> SO YOU WERE COUNTING. >> THAT'S RIGHT. >> I WANT TO DISCUSS THE SHUTTLE AS WELL AND GET TO DICK
|
| 01:07:12 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ABOUT THE IMPACT OF THAT
|
| 01:07:14 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ON ASSAD. I
|
| 01:07:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
KNOW IT HAD A BEGIN IMPACT ON RABIN BECAUSE I SAW RABIN YEARS LATER WHEN WE WERE DEALING WITH A POCKET COMMITMENT HE GAVE TO US DURING THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION...
|
| 01:08:42 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DISAGREEMENT. YOU HAVE TO REMEMBER AT THAT POINT PRESIDENT NIXON WAS VERY MUCH PREOCCUPIED WITH DOMESTIC PROBLEMS AROUND WATERGATE, BUT I THINK --...
|
| 01:09:55 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE NIXON PREOCCUPATION WITH WATERGATE DO YOU THINK HIS VIEW ON MIDDLE EAST DIPLOMACY MIGHT HAVE BEEN DIFFERENT IN TERM OF THE SOVIET ROLE OR NOT? >>...
|
| 01:10:14 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN CHARGE. HE WOULD GET BROAD LINES OF GUIDANCE FROM THE PRESIDENT. AND I DO THINK THAT NIXON'S VIEW WAS A LITTLE BIT DIFFERENT FROM HIS, INCLUDING...
|
| 01:13:06 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
YOUR OBSERVATIONS ON THAT AND THEN DICK I WOULD LIKE TO HEAR FROM YOU ON THE IMPACT OF THAT ON ASSAD, HIS PERCEPTION OF US, MAYBE HIS PERCEPTION OF...
|
| 01:14:31 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DOWN WHETHER IT WAS SADAT OR ASSAD IN THIS CASE. AND THE FIRST HALF HOUR OF THE MEETING, MEETINGS WITH ASSAD WERE USUALLY ABOUT SIX HOURS OR MORE. ...
|
| 01:16:56 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THINK KISSINGER WAS ABLE EVER TO GO BACK TO THE ISRAELIS AND SAID
|
| 01:17:01 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
I SENSE THIS DIFFERENCE IN DAMASCUS BETWEEN THE GENERAL AND THE FOREIGN MINISTER AND PRESIDENT. IT WAS ONE VIEW AND IT WAS THE PRESIDENT'S HOW TO...
|
| 01:19:49 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHERE THEY HAD BEEN BEFORE THE
|
| 01:19:51 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WAR. THAT WAS HIS, WHERE HE CAME OUT. >> IN THE FIRST. >> IN THE FIRST DISENGAGEMENT. THAT IMPLIES THE ARGUMENT THAT HE
|
| 01:20:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HAD
|
| 01:20:05 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LOST NEVER MADE ANY IMPACT ON HIM. HE DIDN'T FEEL ANY SENSE OF DEFEAT OF THE WAR. IF YOU'RE GOING -- RIGHT BACK TO WHERE YOU WERE BEFORE, REGARDLESS...
|
| 01:20:37 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
PARTICULARLY OF WASHINGTON. AND GET BACK ALL OF THE LAND BACK TO WHERE IT HAD BEEN BEFORE THE SIX-DAY WAR. FOR ALL OF US. YOU KNOW. AND HE COMMITTED...
|
| 01:21:13 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
UNDER ISRAELI CONTROL FROM 1967 ON. A LOT OF THE NEGOTIATING WAS PRECISELY ABOUT THAT AND MET WITH THE INSIDE, DEMILITARIZED ZONE AND SO FORTH. SO...
|
| 01:21:36 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DRAWN DURING THE NEGOTIATION. I DON'T WANT TO SAY ANYTHING DISPARAGING ABOUT ANYTHING, BUT IT WASN'T VERY MUCH OF A TOWN, AND THERE WASN'T VERY MUCH...
|
| 01:22:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
PUSHED BACK AND HERE ARE THE OPEN TOMBS THAT THE ISRAELIS DESECRATED LOOKING FOR WEAPONS IN THE TOMBS. AND ALL OF THAT WAS PART OF THE PICTURE. >>...
|
| 01:22:19 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WERE TRYING NO TO MOVE THAT, ALL 300 YARDS OF IT OR WHATEVER IT WAS, IN THE -- AT THE ISRAELI ENDS OF THESE NEGOTIATIONS, KISSINGER WOULD SAY, WELL,...
|
| 01:23:37 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
KNOW THERE'S A CLIP THEY STARTED TO RUN A LITTLE BIT BEFORE. DO YOU WANT TO RUN THAT CLIP NOW OF WALTER CRONKITE? WE CAN IF YOU WANT. >> GOOD EVENING....
|
| 01:24:05 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SADDAT BACK THERE ON THE ALGBALCONY OF THE OFFICIAL GUESTHOUSE. PERHAPS THE MORE IMPORTANT VISIT FOR THE PRESIDENT WAS IN THE STREETS OF CAIRO. EGYPTIAN...
|
| 01:26:03 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
PEOPLES, TWO GREAT PEOPLES WHO WILL DEDICATE -- WHO ARE WORKING TOGETHER FOR GREAT CAUSES. >> SAM, I WANT TO TURN TO YOU. BECAUSE I WANT TO SORT OF USE...
|
| 01:26:28 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IT'S INTERESTING THAT THE -- AS WALTER CRONKITE SAYS, HERE'S THE IMAGE THE U.S. IS IN THERE NOW AS A PEACEMAKER. OUR DISCUSSION SO FAR, I THINK, HAS...
|
| 01:27:41 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF THE ROGERS PLAN, YOU HAD TO START AND FIRST GET SOME DEGREE OF TRUST IN THE MEDIATOR AS WELL AS SOME DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE WITH THE ADVERSARY....
|
| 01:30:32 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TO THIS. >> PLEASE. >> SOMETIME AROUND THE TIME OF THE FIRST SHUTTLE, THAT IS THE JANUARY 1974 AGREEMENT
|
| 01:30:39 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 01:30:40 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BETWEEN EGYPT AND ISRAEL, WE, ON KISSINGER'S AIRPLANE, WERE USING THE PHRASE "NEGOTIATING PROCESS" TO DESCRIBE WHAT WE WERE DOING. THE IDEA WAS THAT...
|
| 01:33:04 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ALSO HAS TO DO WITH IMPORTANT LEADERSHIPS YOU DEAL WITH. I THINK IT -- HISTORIC PERSPECTIVE WOULD SAY THAT THE GREAT UPHEAVAL IN ISRAELI POLITICAL...
|
| 01:37:52 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DISCUSSION ON THE KIND OF SCOPE AND LOGIC OF THE NIXON YEARS AS IT RELATES TO THIS ISSUE. MAYBE WE CAN WRAP UP BY GETTING FROM EACH OF YOU YOUR OWN KIND...
|
| 01:38:24 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WORLD. THAT KIND OF ACTIVE MEDIATION MADE POSSIBLE BY MODERN TECHNOLOGY. AT THAT TIME, MODERN TECHNOLOGY MEANT YOU HAD AN AIRPLANE YOU COULD FLY BACK...
|
| 01:41:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ME WATCHING THIS POLICYMAKING IN THE NIXON/KISSINGER PERIOD UP CLOSE
|
| 01:41:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IS THAT POLICIES OF THE FIRST SEVERAL YEARS OF THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION TOWARD THE MIDDLE EAST STRUCK ME AT THE TIME AND STRIKE ME NOW AS HAVING MISSED...
|
| 01:44:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE ISRAELIS AND
|
| 01:44:35 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE PALESTINIANS, BUT MAYBE THE REST OF THE ARABS, TO THINK THAT DIPLOMACY IS ONLY EFFECTIVE WHEN THE PRESIDENT OR THE SECRETARY OF STATE ARE DOING IT....
|
| 01:47:26 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HAD NOT GONE A LONG ALONG ALONG SO HEAVILY WITH THE EGYPTIAN/ISRAELI PEACE AND PUT THE OTHER PIECES ASIDE? PRESIDENT NIXON RE-OPENED DOORS ALL OVER...
|
| 01:48:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
UP, I GUESS WITH A FEW OBSERVATIONS. FIRST, I THINK THAT THE -- THIS IS AN EXTRAORDINARY COLLECTION OF PEOPLE WHICH WE KNEW AT THE OUTSET, GIVEN THE...
|
| 01:52:47 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE MOST IMPORTANT MOMENTS IN OUR HISTORY IN THE MIDDLE EAST. I THINK EACH OF THE PANELISTS HAVE MADE POINTS THAT ARE UNIQUE, AUTHORITATIVE BASED UPON...
|
NOTE: The transcript for this program was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.