| 00:00:18 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
A LIVELY FRUITFUL, AND ON GOING CONVERSATION WITH THE MEANING AND VALUE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM FREEDOM, BOTH IN THE UNITED STATES AND AROUND THE WORLD....
|
| 00:07:14 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM. AND THE DEGREE TO THE WHICH THE EXCLUSION OR INCLUSION OF RELIGIOUS ACTORS AND POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS PROVOKES...
|
| 00:10:11 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
A LITTLE BIT ABOUT IS IN COLLABORATION WITH MY COULD AUTHOR WHO SAN SOCIETY PROFESSOR IN TURKEY, AND THEN, I HAVE A NUMBER OF MY GRADUATE STUDENTS...
|
| 00:17:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THIS END, WE EXAMINED THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RELIGIONS ON THE NUMBER OF TERRORISTS ATTACKS PERPETRATED IN A COUNTRY, WHETHER A COUNTRY EXPERIENCED...
|
| 00:21:58 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
GOOD MORNING IT'S GOOD TO BE WITH YOU THIS MORNING. I'LL BE TALKING ABOUT THE RESTRICTIONS ON RELIGION AS PART OF THE
|
| 00:22:12 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
CONTEXT OF ARAB SPRING AND THE AFTER MATH. IN THE BEGINNING I SHOULD SAY THERE'S MANY DIFFERENT ELEMENTS THAT HELP EXPLAIN PARTICULAR SITUATIONS IN...
|
| 00:28:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE INCREASE IN RESTRICTIONS. LOOKING AT MINA, OR THE MIDDLE EASTERN, NORTH AFRICAN REGION. 5% FULLY PROVIDES FOR RELIGIOUS PROTECTION. GOVERNMENTS...
|
| 00:37:33 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LET ME BEGIN BY THANKING GEORGETOWN'S BERKLEY CENTER FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND PARTICULARLY TIMOTHY SHAW AND THOMAS FARR FOR THEIR KIND
|
| 00:37:50 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
INVITATION TO BE AMONG THE DISTINGUISHED EXPERTS AND POLICYMAKERS. I'M REALLY GRATEFUL FOR THE OPPORTUNITY. GIVEN THE TIME LIMITATIONS, I'M GOING TO...
|
| 00:58:41 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
I THINK YOU RAISE NICE EXAMPLES THAT MIGHT RUN COUNTER TO SOME OF THE FINDINGS THAT BRIAN AND JOHANNA PRESENTED. WHAT I THINK IS INTERESTING, JOHANNA,...
|
| 01:00:57 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE GENERAL POLITICAL SCIENCE LITERATURE, THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN REGIME TYPE AND VIOLENCE IS THOUGHT TO BE CURVED TO LINEAR. IN THE MOST REPRESSIVE...
|
| 01:03:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THING.
|
| 01:03:04 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THERE'S MANY SITUATIONS IN COUNTRIES WHERE THE GOVERNMENT AND THE SOCIETY ARE VERY SUPPORTIVE OF A CERTAIN RESTRICTION ON RELIGION. SO EVEN IN THE UNITED...
|
| 01:04:01 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DESIGNATION. SO,
|
| 01:04:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
YEAH. NOTHING IMPLIED IN
|
| 01:04:05 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE DESIGNATIONS. SO IN THOSE THREE
|
| 01:04:08 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
COUNTRIES, THERE WAS WIDE VARIATION IN GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS, AND IRONICALLY IN TUNISIA IT WAS ONE WHERE GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS WERE LOWER THAN...
|
| 01:06:21 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 01:06:23 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TO ARGUE THAT
|
| 01:06:24 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TUNISIA WAS NOT
|
| 01:06:25 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
REPRESSIVE OR AT LEAST NOT RESTRICTIVE OF RELIGION IS A BIT PUZZLING TO ME, BECAUSE DURING THE 1990s, THEY NOT ONLY BANNED AN ISLAMIST MOVEMENT, AN...
|
| 01:07:06 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN GOVERNMENT
|
| 01:07:07 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
RESTRICTIONS, COMPARED WITH
|
| 01:07:08 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
EGYPT AND LIBYA, BUT IT WASN'T LOW. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS. SO -- >> FAIR ENOUGH. >> I AGREE WITH WHAT YOU'RE SAYING. >> RIGHT. I THINK THE QUESTION...
|
| 01:07:20 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF HOW DO WE DEFINE
|
| 01:07:22 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
RADICALIZATION?
|
| 01:07:23 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SO THE ARGUMENT IS THAT EXCLUSIONARY GOVERNMENTS WILL LEAD TO RADICALIZATION. SOMEONE LIKE MYSELF WOULD SAY LOOK AT TURKEY, LOOK AT TUNISIA. IT WERE...
|
| 01:08:56 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IT IS REALLY ONLY WHEN THERE IS A POLITICAL OPENING THAT YOU ARE SEEING THIS -- THIS
|
| 01:09:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MORE MODERATE
|
| 01:09:04 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
EXPRESSION OF RELIGION. SO I WOULD DISAGREE WITH YOU ON THE -- ON THE INTERPRETATION OF THE TURKISH CASE. I THINK THAT IN TURKEY YOU CAN MAKE THE CASE....
|
| 01:09:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ILLEGITIMATE. IT'S ALSO THE CAPACITY, THEN, OR THEM VIS-A-VIS THE STATE. >> SURE. >> SO JOHANNA ALREADY RAISED THE ISSUE ABOUT THE DEGREE THE GOVERNMENT...
|
| 01:09:49 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
RIGHTS
|
| 01:09:51 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TERM, CONSTITUTIONALLY, LEGALLY, BUT THE QUESTION IS WHETHER THEY'RE GOING TO ACTUALLY PHYSICALLY THEN REPRESS AS WELL. SO I THINK WHAT'S INTERESTING...
|
| 01:11:46 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MUBARAK REGIME REPRESSED CERTAIN ISLAMIC GROUPS LIKE THE BROTHERHOOD FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME, AND OTHER GROUPS THAT WERE DEEMED EITHER DANGEROUS TO...
|
| 01:13:28 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TEMPORAL DIMENSION. DOES REPRESSION COME EARLY? YOU KNOW, AS GROUPS ARE FORMING. VERSUS DOES IT COME
|
| 01:13:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LATER WHEN GROUPS HAVE FORMED THESE NETWORKS, THEY'RE WELL ORGANIZED. AS HAPPENED IN ALGERIA. ELECTION AFTER ES LECTION WITH MILLIONS OF PEOPLE GOING...
|
| 01:14:15 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
COULD INTRODUCE YOURSELF. >> GOOD MORNING. I'M RICHARD HYDE. I'M WONDERING IF YOU COULD, PROFESSOR
|
| 01:14:32 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HAFEZ, COULD YOU TELL US MORE ABOUT -- SUNNI AND SHIA MODERNIZERS OR UPDATERS, OR HOWEVER YOU WISH TO CHARACTERIZE THEM? DO THEY GET ALONG WELL WITH...
|
| 01:15:00 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHERE THERE ARE LIMITS ON THE MODERNIZIZATION OR THE MODERATION, I SHOULD SAY, EVER THE TENDENCY. THE [ SPEAKING IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ] TENDENCY, EVEN...
|
| 01:16:22 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MOHAMMED,
|
| 01:16:25 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BECAUSE I REALLY DON'T LIKE -- IF YOU FORGET ME, FORGIVE ME IF I DISAGREE WITH YOU. I REALLY DON'T LIKE WHEN WE BOTH, ISLAMISTS, WE GIVE EXCUSES FOR...
|
| 01:18:25 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SELAFIST WITH
|
| 01:18:26 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE WASAFIA TENDENCY AND SAID EXPLICITLY IN MY TALK, THE WASATIA PRESENTS ITSELF AS A CRITIQUE. ESSENTIALLY WANTS TO REVERT BACK TO THE RIGHTLY GUIDED...
|
| 01:20:33 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
PROCEEDING. THE COPS ARE -- THE OLDEST POPULATION LIVING IN EGYPT PRECEDE MUSLIMS. SO THE PANEL, CONCERNED ABOUT THE DEGREE TO WHICH COPS THEMSELVES...
|
| 01:21:15 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND IT'S NOT SOMETHING THAT'S LED BY THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD. THE SELAFIST YES? THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD SAYING KILL COPTIC, NO, I'M NOMT SAYING THAT....
|
| 01:21:35 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OPPRESSED. IT'S STILL A MILITARY REGIME. BEFORE WE JUDGE THEM ON THE CANARY IN THE MINE, LOOK
|
| 01:21:41 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AT THE GENERAL CONTEXT. >> NOT JUDGING THEM. LOOKING AT THE EMPIRICAL RECORD AND THE DEGREE TO WHICH HOW IS THE GOVERNMENT RESPONDING TO THIS AND THEN,
|
| 01:21:50 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF COURSE, HOW IS SOCIETY RESPONDING TO THIS, AND THE DEGREE TO WHICH RELIGIOUS FREEDOMS ARE EITHER BEING PROTECTED OR NOT PROTECTED, DISCRIMINATED...
|
| 01:22:12 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
CONTEXT AND LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, WHETHER IT'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS, CIVILIZATION DEVELOPMENT, TO STANDARDS BY WHICH WE OURSELVES TODAY IN THE...
|
| 01:22:54 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
PERHAPS. HOW'S THAT AUTONOMY PUP LIKE THAT? >> ABSOLUTELY. >> THIS GENTLEMAN BACK OVER HERE ON THE RIGHT. >> MITCHELL TWINER, INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS
|
| 01:23:05 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LIBERTIES SOESHS
|
| 01:23:06 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OFFICE. A QUESTION THAT GOES TO CREDIBILITY
|
| 01:23:09 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TRANSPARENCY, RELIABILITY. THE MODERATE GROUPS THAT YOU REFERENCED, THE QUESTION IS -- TO WHAT DEGREE DOES THEIR POSITION AT OPTING THE VARIETY REFLECT...
|
| 01:23:47 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BEFORE. WELL -- TIME WILL
|
| 01:23:49 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TELL, OF COURSE. WE DON'T KNOW IF THESE GROUPS ARE EXACTLY, COMPLETELY CHANGED THEIR HEARTS AND THEIR MINDS IN THAT REGARD, BUT ONE THING THAT WE...
|
| 01:24:46 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND IN PARTICULAR IN THE ARAB WORLD? CORRECT? THE DATA FROM -- MOST RECENT DATA, 2008, 2009. WHY DO YOU THINK THAT IS? WE ARE TALKING ABOUT IT UNDERSTANDING...
|
| 01:25:16 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WELL. SOME OF THE FACTORS ARE VERY COMPLEX. IN WHAT'S GOING ON. BUT MAYBE TO SIMPLIFY A FEW, MANY OF THE GOVERNMENTS IN THE REGION WERE SUPPRESSING --...
|
| 01:27:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
POLITICAL PARTY FORMATION ALONG SECTARIAN LINES. IS THAT NOT A, AN IMPLICATION OF YOUR STUDY? >> WELL, THAT'S -- THAT'S A BIT MORE COMPLEX ALSO, BECAUSE...
|
| 01:27:32 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THAT WOULD HAVE BEEN THE CONVENTIONAL ANSWER, SORT OF TO PUSH FOR THIS AND REPRESENTATION AND THAT TYPE OF THING, BUT THE LITERATURE IS A BIT DIVIDED...
|
| 01:28:40 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MY NAME IS SIMON. I'M FROM THE NETHERLANDS AND I'M A FELLOW AT THE BERKLEY CENTER. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
|
| 01:28:48 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
PRESENTING YOUR RESEARCH, AND I HAVE A PARTICULAR QUESTION FOR PROFESSOR BIRNIR ABOUT, IF I UNDERSTAND YOUR INSTITUTION CORRECTLY, THAT RELIGIOUS CONTENT...
|
| 01:29:56 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
FIND SYSTEMIC EVIDENCE WHEN WE LOOK AT COUNTRIES ACROSS TIME AND SPACE THAT WILL IS -- THAT ONE RELIGION IS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR VIOLENCE. WE DON'T...
|
| 01:31:16 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
CENTER. >> I JUST WANT TO MAKE A COMMENT, YOU KNOW, ABOUT TWO THINGS.
|
| 01:31:24 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE FIRST, MOHAMMED, THE FIRST TIME HE START HIS JOURNEY, HE SENT HIS FAMILY TO ANOTHER COUNTRY. HE SAID GO TO THE KING P HE'S A NICE MAN. HE'S A CHRISTIAN....
|
| 01:32:42 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THIS ONE? WHY
|
| 01:32:44 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ALL THE INFORMATION? WE TALK ABOUT THIS ONE BEFORE ENTERPRISING, THANK YOU. >> THANK YOU. ANY OF THE PANELISTS WANT TO TAKE THAT UP? >> I CAN'T ANSWER...
|
| 01:32:59 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LEAST SAY THAT GATHERING INFORMATION
|
| 01:33:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND ANALYZING INFORMATION FROM A QUANTITATIVE POINT OF VIEW WHICH IS WHAT I DO AND IT TAKES A LONG TIME TO MAKE MEASURES, TO ANALYZE THEM AND UNDERSTAND...
|
| 01:34:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND. BUT EVEN WITH -- AND WE USE TWO DEVELOPER INDICATORS SORT OF WARNING...
|
| 01:35:53 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THERE IS THE CONTENT OF THE RELIGION DOES NOT NECESSARILY
|
| 01:35:56 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
INSPIRE THE CONFLICT. I THINK THAT IS LEGITIMATE GROUNDS FOR CONFUSION. THERE IS A GENERAL UNDERSTANDING THAT THERE IS A THEOLOGICAL UNDERPINNING...
|
| 01:37:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
COMMENT? >> ISLAM AND THESE TYPES OF SCHOOLS CAN BE USED AS A TOOLS FOR VIOLENCE. BUT THAT IS TRUE FOR EVERY OTHER RELIGION I LOOKED
|
| 01:37:13 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AT IN MY ANALYSIS. SO IT'S JUST AS LIKELY THAT YOU GET CONFLICT ASSOCIATES WITH A DIVISION BETWEEN PROTESTANTS AND CATHOLICS AND THOSE CONFLICTS OFTEN...
|
| 01:39:32 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SOCIAL RESTRICTIONS ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM PUSHING GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM LEADING TO VIOLENCE. SO YOU HAVE A RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE...
|
| 01:40:40 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
PANELISTS. >> NICE TO END ON A NOTE OF AGREEMENT BUT I SUSPECT THAT WE'LL RETURN TO THE QUESTION OF WHETHER THE CONTENT OF RELIGION HAS THE EFFECT OF
|
| 01:40:54 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
VIOLENCE LATER ON IN OUR PROGRAM TODAY. BUT FIRST LUNCH. IT IS HERE. WE INVITE YOU TO GRAB A SANDWICH, CHAT WITH YOUR COLLEAGUES. BUT PLEASE BE RETURNED...
|
NOTE: The transcript for this program was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.