| 00:00:56 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
I GOT INTERESTED IN THIS I SUPPOSE IN THE LATE '60S WHEN I WAS A STUDENT. MAINLY BECAUSE IT WAS BEING TALKED ABOUT BY ALL OF MY FRIENDS AT THE TIME....
|
| 00:01:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LITERATURE, ANCIENT GREEK LITERATURE. BUT IT WAS PART OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF THE TIMES. AND IT STARTED TO SUCK ME IN AND SUCK ME AWAY FROM LITERATURE....
|
| 00:01:15 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TOLSTOY, DOSTOEVSKY, ALL THE GREAT RUSSIAN
|
| 00:01:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
CLASSICS. I LOVED ANCIENT GREEK TRAGEDY. BUT SOMEHOW, SOMEHOW THE BUG GOT ME THEN. THERE WERE REALLY BIG QUESTIONS TO ANSWER ABOUT ONE OF THESE AMAZING...
|
| 00:01:59 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
RUSSIAN LITERATURE AND ANCIENT
|
| 00:02:00 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
GREEK LITERATURE.
|
| 00:02:03 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
I STARTED AS A LINGUIST. SO I DIDN'T COME
|
| 00:02:05 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN AT THIS TOPIC. I WAS A HISTORIAN. I BECAME A HISTORIAN. >> AND IF I READ CORRECTLY, THE "LENIN" BOOK WAS 2000 BY HARVARD, THE "STALIN" BOOK WAS 2004...
|
| 00:02:19 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THAT'S RIGHT. AND ONE OF THE INTERESTS OF DOING
|
| 00:02:25 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ALL THREE OF THEM IS THAT THEY ARE THE GIGANTIC FIGURES. THE START OF THE SOVIET REGIME. THEY WERE THE TOWERING FIGURES. AND THEY ARE ALL DIFFERENT....
|
| 00:03:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 00:03:20 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IT DIDN'T HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH LONG HAIR. IT DIDN'T HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH SMOKING POT. IT DID HAVE SOMETHING TO DO WITH REBELLION. IT DID HAVE...
|
| 00:05:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
STALINISM IS A TIGHTER FORM OF LENINISM. STALINISM INVOLVES PERVASIVE PERMANENT STATE TERROR ON A
|
| 00:05:27 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SCALE THAT PROBABLY NEITHER LENIN NOR TROTSKY WOULD HAVE ENDORSED. STALINISM IS THE MOST CENTRALIST POLITICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY OF ALL THE VARIANCE...
|
| 00:05:47 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IF YOU WANT A REVOLUTION, YOU HAVE TO USE VIOLENCE. THERE HAS TO BE AN INSURRECTION.
|
| 00:05:53 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
YOU HAVE TO HAVE A DICTATORSHIP. YOU ABSOLUTELY HAVE TO HAVE STATE TERROR TO INITIATE THE MOVEMENT TOWARDS SOMETHING GENTLER YOU KNOW IN THE FUTURE....
|
| 00:06:33 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IDEAS OF LENIN, BUT GIVES PRIORITY TO THE SPREADING OF THE
|
| 00:06:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
REVOLUTION AROUND THE GLOBE AS A MEANS OF AMELIORATING THE CONDITIONS IN THE ORIGINAL COUNTRY OF THE REVOLUTION, RUSSIA. SO TROTSKY THOUGHT THAT THE...
|
| 00:08:00 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
GOOD QUESTION. FOLLOWERS OF TROTSKY HATE BEING CALLED TROTSKYITES. IT'S A WAY OF TEASING THEM.
|
| 00:08:06 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ACTUALLY IN MY BOOK I CALL THEM TROTSKYISTS, WHICH IS WHAT THEY ARE COMFORTABLE WITH. IT'S -- IT'S RIDICULOUS >> IS IT LIKE THE REPUBLICANS IN THIS COUNTRY...
|
| 00:08:20 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
PARTY? >> ITS >> IS IT JUST AN IRRITANT? >> IT IS ALL CULTURAL IRRITANT. NO MORE. IF YOU REALLY WANT TO GET THEM
|
| 00:08:27 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WOUND UP YOU CALL
|
| 00:08:28 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THEM TROTSKYITES.
|
| 00:08:29 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
STALIN CALLED THEM THE TROTSKYISTS, TROTSKYITES. >> ALL RIGHT IF YOU GO TO MOSCOW TODAY, GO TO RED SQUARE, THE LENIN TOMB IS STILL THERE. IF PEOPLE WANT...
|
| 00:08:39 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LOOK AT HIM HE IS THERE, SOMETHING IS THERE. >> YES. >> WHY IS IT THERE STILL TO THIS DAY AND WHERE IS STALIN BURIED AND
|
| 00:08:46 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHERE IS TROTSKY BURIED? >> LENIN IS STILL IN THE TOMB BECAUSE THE
|
| 00:08:50 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
POST-COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT LED BY BORIS YELTSIN WANTED TO GET HIM OUT OF THE
|
| 00:08:55 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TOMB AND BURY HIM. BUT BAD TO POPULAR OPINION. LENIN ALWAYS COMES OUT RATHER WELL IN POPULAR OPINION SURVEYS BECAUSE HE REASSEMBLED THE LANDS. HE BROUGHT...
|
| 00:10:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 00:10:18 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IT WAS PROBABLY BENIGN MEDICAL NEGLECT THAT KILLED HIM OFF. >> WHERE IS HE BURIED? >> HE WAS INCINERATED, AND HIS ASHES REMAIN BELOW THE KREMLIN WALL.
|
| 00:10:37 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 00:10:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SO HE WENT INTO DISGRACE IN THE LATE 1950S AFTER HIS DEATH. THE SOVIET LEADERS DIDN'T QUITE KNOW WHAT TO DO WITH HIS REMAINS. SO THEY HIT ON THIS DEMISE...
|
| 00:11:18 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN 10- YEAR INCREMENTS ALL THE WAY UP TO 1950. AND THEN YOU HAVE
|
| 00:11:20 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LENIN, WHO WAS BORN IN 1870, RIGHT
|
| 00:11:21 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BELOW THAT TROTSKY BORN IN 1879, AND BELOW THAT STALIN IN 1878. ACROSS YOU GO TO THE 1917 PERIOD THERE WHERE LENIN WAS 47, TROTSKY 38, STALIN 39, AND...
|
| 00:12:11 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
REVOLUTIONARY IMPATIENCE CAME FROM HIS PRESENTIMENT THAT HE MIGHT DIE YOUNG. HE SAID ALL REVOLUTIONARY LEADERS DIED YOUNG. SO HE HAD PROBLEMS WITH HIS...
|
| 00:12:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND FROM 1922 ONWARDS, FOR THE LAST TWO YEARS
|
| 00:12:48 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF HIS LIFE, HE WAS A CRIPPLE. HE COULD BARELY TALK. AND HE WROTE A TESTAMENT IN WHICH HE CALLED FOR THE REMOVAL FROM POSTS OF RESPONSIBILITY OF JOSEPH...
|
| 00:13:29 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WELL IN THE EARLY 1920S THE SOVIET UNION WAS IN A BAD WAY. IT
|
| 00:13:39 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HAD COME THROUGH A CIVIL WAR. THE COUNTRY WAS EXHAUSTED. THE ECONOMY WAS RUINED. AND IN ORDER TO RESTORE THE SITUATION LENIN INTRODUCED A NEW ECONOMIC...
|
| 00:14:27 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE PARTY, WHICH WAS THOUGHT TO BE A MAINLY ADMINISTRATIVE, AND NOT A POLITICAL POST.
|
| 00:14:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BUT IF YOU GOT A ONE-PARTY STATE, AND THE PARTY IS DOING THE GOVERNING, IT'S NOT AN ADMINISTRATIVE JOB TO BE THE ADMINISTRATIVE HEAD OF THE PARTY. YOU...
|
| 00:16:04 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WERE THEY IN THE SAME OFFICE, WERE THEY ALL IN THE KREMLIN? DID THEY ALL HAVE JOBS? >> LENIN WAS IN THE SANITARIUM FROM 1922 ONWARDS. AND HE WAS ISSUING...
|
| 00:16:14 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
STALIN WAS CARRYING THEM OUT. INCREASINGLY HE WAS CARRYING THE THEM OUT TO HIS OWN WISHES RATHER THAN TO THE DESIRES OF LENIN. AND ALTHOUGH LENIN SUSPECTED...
|
| 00:17:13 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
I WANT TO READ IT AND ASK YOU WHAT'S THE STORY BEHIND THIS. THIS IS LENIN TO STALIN. AND I SUSPECT IT WAS NEAR THE END OR IN THE LAST COUPLE YEARS....
|
| 00:17:51 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ARE REALLY GOOD. >> NOT REALLY.
|
| 00:17:52 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
I THINK -- THIS IS LENIN AGAIN. I
|
| 00:17:55 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DO NOT INTEND TO FORGET SO EASILY WHAT HAS
|
| 00:17:57 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BEEN DONE AGAINST ME, AND IT GOES WITHOUT SAYING THAT I CONSIDER THAT SOMETHING DONE AGAINST MY WIFE TO BE SOMETHING ALSO DONE AGAINST ME. THEREFORE,...
|
| 00:18:21 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ILL BY HIS ATTEMPTS TO GET RE-INVOLVED IN POLITICS. AND THE DOCTORS TOLD HIM. AND THE POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AGREED WITH HIM WITH THEM THAT HE OUGHT TO...
|
| 00:20:19 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ABOUT THE SAME HEIGHT, ABOUT FIVE-SIX. TROTSKY WAS A LITTLE BIT TALLER.
|
| 00:20:28 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
NONE OF THEM WERE GIANTS. THE MAN WHO HAD THE GREATEST PHYSICAL PRESENCE UNDOUBTEDLY WAS TROTSKY. IF YOU LOOK AT THE PICTURES IN MY BOOK, I COLLECTED...
|
| 00:21:51 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DIDN'T LAST MUCH LONGER THAN THAT, HE ONLY LASTED ABOUT SIX YEARS. >> YES. >> WHAT WAS THE IMPORTANCE OF 1917? WHAT HAPPENED? >>
|
| 00:22:02 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WELL 1917 WAS ONE OF
|
| 00:22:04 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE TURNING POINTS IN THE MODERN WORLD HISTORY. A COMMUNIST PARTY CAME TO POWER.
|
| 00:22:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IT LEFT THE CAFES, IT LEFT THE LIBRARIES, AND IT CAME TO POWER. AND IT TOOK POWER IN A BOG COUNTRY AT A TIME OF WAR. >> HOW BIG WAS THE COUNTRY THEN,...
|
| 00:22:29 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SIXTH OF THE WORLD'S EARTH SURFACE.
|
| 00:22:31 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EVENT WAS FIRSTLY THAT IT WITHDREW RUSSIA FROM THE FIRST WORLD WAR ALLOWING THE GERMANS TO CONCENTRATE THEIR FORCES ON THE...
|
| 00:23:41 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND THOSE STATES, WERE THEY ALL INCLUDED THEN IN THE GOVERNING UNIT? >> WHEN THE CIVIL WAR HAPPENED IN 1918 THROUGH TO THE EARLY 1920S, FIRST THE COMMUNISTS...
|
| 00:23:55 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
UNTIL THE SECOND WORLD WAR THEY DIDN'T TAKE OVER ESTONIA, LATVIA, AND LITHUANIA. BUT THEY DID TAKE OVER THE TRANSCAUCASUS, GEORGIA AS A [INAUDIBLE]...
|
| 00:24:23 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN RUSSIA. >> IN RUSSIA. >> AND STALIN WAS BORN WHERE? >> IN GEORGIA.
|
| 00:24:26 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND HE WAS A GEORGIAN. >> WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE? >>
|
| 00:24:29 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 00:24:30 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE DIFFERENCE
|
| 00:24:31 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LET'S SAY,
|
| 00:24:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AN ENGLISHMAN AND AN ALBANIAN.
|
| 00:24:37 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE GEORGIANS WERE A SMALL -- ARE A SMALL NATION TO THE SOUTH OF THE CAUCASUS MOUNTAIN RANGE. THEY SPEAK AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT LANGUAGE FROM THE RUSSIANS....
|
| 00:25:07 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 00:25:08 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HE TENDED TO PLAY DOWN ON A LOT OF ASPECTS OF HIS EARLY LIFE. HE TENDED TO DRAW A VEIL OVER THE ENORMOUS COMMERCIAL SUCCESS THAT HIS EXTRAORDINARY...
|
| 00:25:56 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DID.
|
| 00:25:57 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
YOU HAVE TO HAVE A FEUDER NAME TO OVERRIDE THE POLICE. >> LET'S GO BACK TO THE LENIN DEATH. YOU STARTED US IN 1922 IN A SANITARIUM. AND WHAT WERE THE...
|
| 00:26:09 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WELL IF WE GO BACK TO THE PERIOD WHEN LENIN WAS DYING, HE TRIED TO SET DOWN GUIDELINES FOR HOW THE COMMUNIST STATE
|
| 00:26:17 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WOULD OPERATE WHEN HE DEPARTED. AND HE KNEW HE WAS DYING. AND HE KNEW NOT ONLY THAT HIS PHYSIQUE WAS GOING, BUT ALSO HIS BRAIN WAS GOING. AND LENIN DIDN'T...
|
| 00:28:05 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SOVIET LEADER TO SEE HIM WAS NIKOLAI
|
| 00:28:08 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BUKHARIN, ONE OF THE OTHER CONTENDERS FOR THE POLITICAL SUCCESSION. SOMEONE WHO EVENTUALLY LIKE MOST OF THE REST WAS KILLED BY JOSEPH STALIN IN THE 1930S....
|
| 00:28:29 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND THE NEXT ONE TO DIE ON THE LIST IS TROTSKY. >> YES. >> THERE IS THAT PERIOD THERE BETWEEN
|
| 00:28:40 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
1924 AND 1940 WHEN HE DIED THAT IS ABOUT 16 YEARS.
|
| 00:28:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHAT HAPPENED TO TROTSKY? >> WELL AS SOON AS LENIN DIED, AND EVEN BEFORE LENIN DIED, A BATTLE TOOK PLACE FOR THE SUCCESSION. AND IT
|
| 00:28:54 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WAS A BATTLE OF PERSONALITY, BUT ALSO A BATTLE OF IDEAS, AND A BATTLE OVER POLICY. STALIN PREFERRING TO CONCENTRATE ON BUILDING COMMUNISM IN A SINGLE...
|
| 00:29:57 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS, THE EUROPEAN
|
| 00:30:01 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
NEWSPAPERS. HE MADE APPEALS IN THE PRESS. HE WAS A WONDERFUL PROPAGANDIST. AND REALLY WAS HAPPIER WITH A PEN THAN ANY OTHER INSTRUMENT OF DAILY LIFE....
|
| 00:30:22 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SEE WHAT HE LOOKED LIKE, AND HE READS IN ENGLISH. >> YES. >> IT'S NOT VERY LONG. LET'S WATCH IT. [UNINTELLIGIBLE] >>
|
| 00:30:32 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 00:30:33 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHAT ARE YOU SEEING THERE? >> I AM SEEING A MAN WHO THOUGHT HE SPOKE ENGLISH BETTER THAN HE REALLY DID. IF HE HAD BEEN SPEAKING IN
|
| 00:31:26 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
FRENCH, ESPECIALLY IF HE'S
|
| 00:31:27 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BEEN SPEAKING IN GERMAN YOU'D HAVE SEEN GREATER FLUENCY. I MEAN HE COMES ACROSS TO ME THERE AS A BIT LIKE A MAD SCIENTIST OF THE 1950S. >> THAT'S IN...
|
| 00:31:44 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE FRENCH
|
| 00:31:46 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
DIDN'T WANT HIM. THE SCANDINAVIANS DIDN'T WANT HIM
|
| 00:31:48 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
EITHER. >> WHY NOT? >> BECAUSE STALIN'S U.S.S.R. PUT PRESSURE ON THEM.
|
| 00:31:55 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BECAUSE HE WAS A SUBVERSIVE,
|
| 00:31:57 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE GERMANS WOULDN'T HAVE HIM AT ALL BECAUSE HE WANTED TO CREATE A DICTATORSHIP OF THE PROLETARIAT IN GERMANY. NOW WHAT COUNTRY IN THE WORLD WOULD SAY...
|
| 00:32:33 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HIM. >> WHAT WAS -- WHAT WERE
|
| 00:32:35 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF HIS DEATH? >> AN ASSASSIN, A
|
| 00:32:42 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TRAINED ASSASSIN, RAMON MERCADER WAS SENT OUT FROM MOSCOW, WITH
|
| 00:32:48 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
A TEAM -- HE WAS TOLD TO SEDUCE ONE OF THE MANY YOUNG WOMEN WHO WORKED AS SECRETARIAL ASSISTANCE FOR TROTSKY. HE DID THIS VERY EFFECTIVELY. HE INVEIGLED...
|
| 00:33:36 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HAD A HUGE DAGGER.
|
| 00:33:39 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND ALSO THE END OF AN ICE AX. SO HE HAD TWO POSSIBILITIES IN MIND. >> BOTH IN HIS COAT? >> BOTH IN HIS COAT. AND NO ONE NOTICED.
|
| 00:33:52 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN FACT, THAT THIS WAS AN
|
| 00:33:55 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ODD WAY OF ARRIVING ON A DAY THAT WAS AS SUNNY AS IT WAS. >> DESCRIBE THE VILLA. >> THE VILLA WAS LIKE A FORTRESS BY THEN. AN AMERICAN
|
| 00:34:07 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TROTSKYIST HAD INSTALLED AN ELECTRIC -- A
|
| 00:34:09 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
VERY ADVANCED ELECTRICAL ALARM SYSTEM. THERE WERE GUARD POSTS OUTSIDE THE VILLA, AND THERE WERE RAISED GUARDS POSTS AT THE CORNERS OF THE VILLA. BUT...
|
| 00:35:01 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WIFE HAD BEEN WITH HIM SINCE THE FIRST YEARS OF THE 20TH
|
| 00:35:04 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
CENTURY.
|
| 00:35:06 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LONG SUFFERING WIFE. A WIFE WHO IDOLIZED
|
| 00:35:08 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HIM. WHO VERY RARELY CONTRADICTED HIM. REALLY A SAINT. >> BUT IN THOSE THREE YEARS HE HAD AN AFFAIR WITH A FIGURE THAT A LOT OF AMERICANS KNOW. >> HE...
|
| 00:35:25 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND THAT PRACTICALLY DESTROYED THE MARRIAGE. >> SHE
|
| 00:35:30 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WAS MARRIED TO DIEGO RIVERA, THE PAINTER. >> INDEED. AND IT WAS DIEGO RIVERA THE PAINTER, AND FRIDA KAHLO
|
| 00:35:36 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHO HAD INVITED
|
| 00:35:37 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TROTSKY TO SEEK REFUGE IN COYOACAN AT THEIR HOUSE, INITIALLY. SO RIGHT TOWARDS THE END OF HIS LIFE, TROTSKY BEHAVED VERY BADLY TO NATALIA, HIS WIFE....
|
| 00:36:14 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN AMERICAN POLITICS THAT CONSIDER THEMSELVES MAJOR TROTSKYISTS. >> YES. >> WHAT ARE THEY GETTING OUT OF HIM? >> THERE WEREN'T VERY MANY TROTSKYISTS...
|
| 00:36:23 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
1930S.
|
| 00:36:25 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MOST OF THOSE WHO
|
| 00:36:27 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
EXISTED WERE ELIMINATED BY ADOLF HITLER IN GERMANY. THERE SOME HUNDREDS OF THEM IN FRANCE, A FEW DOZENS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND SOME HUNDREDS IN...
|
| 00:38:41 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HE'S GOT THE TRENCH COAT ON, HE'S GOT
|
| 00:38:43 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE ICE AX IN HIS POCKET.
|
| 00:38:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHAT'S HE DO? >> HE COMES IN FOR A DISCUSSION ABOUT POLITICS WITH TROTSKY. HE'S WRITTEN A DRAFT
|
| 00:38:54 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ARTICLE, WHICH IS A PRETTY PATHETIC ARTICLE, AND TROTSKY IN THE WAY THAT HE HAD, HE WAS A TEACHER HAD AGREED TO GIVE A BRIEF TUTORIAL TO RUN ON MERCADER...
|
| 00:39:44 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND IT DIDN'T KILL HIM, BUT IT
|
| 00:39:48 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MORTALLY WOUNDED HIM. AND HE STRUGGLED FOR LIFE. >> WHAT HAPPENED RIGHT AWAY AFTER HE HIT HIM? I MEAN DID HE -- WAS HE UNCONSCIOUS? >> HE WASN'T UNCONSCIOUS.
|
| 00:39:59 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HE WAS WRITHING IN AGONY. HE WAS SCREAMING.
|
| 00:40:03 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE GUARDS CAME IN, THE TROTSKYIST GUARDS CAME IN. THE LAID HOLD OF THE ASSASSIN. THE POLICE TURNED UP. TROTSKY WAS UNDER CONSTANT SURVEILLANCE BY THE...
|
| 00:41:04 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
EVER FESS UP THAT HE WAS A STALIN? >>
|
| 00:41:06 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HE DID. HE WAS GIVEN A RANKING IN THE KGB.
|
| 00:41:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HE WAS AWARDED PRIZES AND MEDALS.
|
| 00:41:13 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BUT HE COULDN'T STAND THE SOVIET UNION. HE JUST COULDN'T STAND LIVING THERE. THIS WAS NOT THE PLACE THAT IT HAD BEEN BUILT UP TO BE IN HIS IMAGINATION....
|
| 00:41:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MANY RESOURCES WERE PUT TO
|
| 00:41:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE EXTERMINATION OF THE LIFE OF THIS ONE SINGLE INDIVIDUAL. A MAN WHO HAD AT MOST A FEW THOUSAND FOLLOWERS IN THE WORLD. WHOSE MESSAGE BARELY EVER GOT...
|
| 00:42:20 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
A GREAT MEXICAN STATE OCCASION. THE THOROUGHFARES OF CENTRAL NEW MEXICO WERE CLEARED.
|
| 00:42:26 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
CROWDS TURNED OUT TO SEE THE HEARSE GOING THROUGH THE CITY. PEOPLE TURNED OUT WHO WERE CATHOLICS FOR THE DEATH OF A MILITANTLY ATHEIST REVOLUTIONARY...
|
| 00:43:44 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND THAT'S ANOTHER PROBLEM
|
| 00:43:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WITH A LOT OF THE TROTSKY BIOGRAPHIES, THAT THEY ARE WRITTEN BY PEOPLE WHO DON'T READ THE ORIGINALS. AND THE TRANSLATION OF TROTSKY'S WORKS IS NOT ALWAYS...
|
| 00:44:03 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BEEN PUBLISHED? >> TROTSKY'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY WAS PUBLISHED. >> THEY HAVE THE ACTUAL SCRIPT. >> THEY HAVE THE SCRIPT.
|
| 00:44:11 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
I HAVE TO TELL YOU, BRIAN, THAT THIS IS THE MOST
|
| 00:44:13 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AMAZING THING TO HANDLE.
|
| 00:44:15 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HE HAD A VERY PECULIAR WAY OF WRITING. HE DICTATED DURING THE DAY LOTS OF LETTER-SIZED PIECES OF PAPER. AND THEN AT NIGHT WHEN THE SECRETARY RODE HOME...
|
| 00:45:10 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
AND
|
| 00:45:11 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THEY HAVE WISELY IN MY
|
| 00:45:13 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
VIEW, INTRODUCED
|
| 00:45:15 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
RESTRICTIONS ON WHAT YOU CAN DO NOW TO THESE EXTRAORDINARY ARTIFACTS. >> DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA HOW MANY PEOPLE HAVE READ THIS THERE? >> I THINK I AM THE...
|
| 00:45:32 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
|
| 00:45:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IT WAS A MAGICAL EXPERIENCE FOR A WOULD-BE HISTORIAN. >> WHEN DID YOU DO IT? >> TWO OR THREE YEARS AGO. >> AND HOW MUCH TIME DID IT TAKE YOU TO DO IT?...
|
| 00:45:43 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN A VERY
|
| 00:45:44 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
LEGIBLE HAND. I HAVE LOOKED AT
|
| 00:45:46 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE
|
| 00:45:49 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
MANUSCRIPTS OF THE GREAT DICTATORS IN THE SOVIET UNION. LENIN DIDN'T WRITE AWFULLY LEGIBLY. STALIN WROTE LEGIBLY, BUT YOU HAVE TO WORK AT IT. BUT TROTSKY...
|
| 00:46:16 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TROTSKY DIED AT AGE 60 IN 1940. BUT ALL THROUGH THIS PROCESS, LENIN IS STILL ALIVE, AND HE LASTS UNTIL HE IS 74 YEARS OLD. AND HE LASTS UNTIL 1953. >>...
|
| 00:46:40 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IS HE
|
| 00:46:41 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IN CHARGE OF
|
| 00:46:42 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
RUSSIAN DURING THAT WHOLE TIME, AND HOW WOULD
|
| 00:46:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
YOU CAPSULIZE WHAT IT WAS LIKE? I KNOW WE HAVE TALKED HERE ABOUT THE GREAT TERROR IN '37 AND '38. >> YES. >> BUT JUST GIVE US A CAPSULIZATION OF WHAT...
|
| 00:46:55 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HIS TIME WAS LIKE IN THE SOVIET UNION. >> STALIN INTRODUCED STABILITY
|
| 00:46:59 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TO THE U.S.S.R.
|
| 00:47:04 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IT WAS A SORT OF STABILITY OF CHAOS BECAUSE PEOPLE ALL LIVED IN A WHIRLWIND OF EXPERIENCE. THE FANS WERE COLLECTIVIZED. ALL OF INDUSTRY WAS TAKEN INTO...
|
| 00:48:32 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ITS MILLIONS WHO DISAPPEARED
|
| 00:48:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
INTO THE GULAG. >> DO YOU AGREE WITH THE 50 MILLION FIGURE? >> I DON'T THINK ANYBODY KNOWS AND I'LL TELL YOU WHY I'M
|
| 00:48:42 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HAVERING AND AVOIDING AN ANSWER TO AN EXACT NUMBER.
|
| 00:48:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THERE ARE LOTS OF WAYS OF KILLING PEOPLE. YOU CAN PUT THEM UP AGAINST A WALL AND SHOOT THEM. YOU CAN PUT THEM INTO THE GULAG AND STARVE THEM, BUT YOU...
|
| 00:49:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TROTSKY IN MEXICO. BUT GO TO THE END OF HIS -- WHAT WAS THE END OF STALIN'S LIFE LIKE? >> STALIN WAS EXHAUSTED BY HIS INVOLVEMENT IN THE SECOND WORLD...
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| 00:50:05 |
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OLD. HE HAD TO RATION HIS INTERVENTIONS IN POLITICS. ONE OF THE REASONS HE WAS SO DELIBERATELY TERRIFYING TO HIS ASSOCIATES WAS THAT HE COULDN'T AFFORD...
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| 00:50:57 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BRAVE DOCTOR IN THE EARLY 1950S SAID
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| 00:50:59 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TO HIM, [INAUDIBLE] YOU KNOW YOU JUST EASE OFF, YOU'RE GOING TO KILL YOURSELF IF YOU GO AT THIS PACE, WHICH WAS ONLY HALF PACE. HE HAD THE DOCTOR ARRESTED....
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| 00:51:34 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WHEN THE PARTY CONGRESS -- THE 19TH PARTY CONGRESS MET FOR THE FIRST TIME AFTER THE
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| 00:51:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
SECOND WORLD WAR, IN 1952, FOR THE VERY FIRST TIME IT WAS NOT STALIN WHO MADE THE BIG SPEECH. IT WAS ONE OF HIS ASSOCIATES. >> WHERE WAS HE? >> HIS...
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| 00:51:56 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
ALONGSIDE GEORGI MALENKOV, HIS ANOINTED SUCCESSOR. BUT HIS
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| 00:52:01 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
HEALTH WAS SO POOR, HIS FRAILTY WAS SO OBVIOUS THAT HE DIDN'T WANT TO EXPOSE HIMSELF IN THE WAY THAT WOULD BE INVOLVED IF HE GAVE A REALLY BIG LONG...
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| 00:52:26 |
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WERE ALIVE IN 1953 HAD
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| 00:52:31 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
BEEN BROUGHT UP -- MOST PEOPLE WERE YOUNG AFTER ALL. LOTS OF PEOPLE HAD DIED IN THE 1930'S OR DIED IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR. MOST PEOPLE IN THEIR 20'S...
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| 00:53:18 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
YOUR BOOK THAT HE WOULDN'T SLEEP IN PLACES THAT HE WAS EXPECTED TO BECAUSE HE WAS AFRAID SOMEBODY WOULD FIND HIM AND KILL HIM, BUT WHAT WERE THEY --...
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| 00:53:36 |
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AND IF YOU GO AROUND THESE DUTCHIES, THESE FORTRESSES REALLY, YOU CAN SEE HOW MANY BEDS HE HAD UPSTAIRS AND DOWNSTAIRS AND THEY'RE QUITE MODEST. HE...
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| 00:55:00 |
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IN AND LOOK AT HIM, BUT I THINK THEY MADE THE EXCUSE THAT THEY WERE AFRAID TO GO IN AND LOOK AT HIM, BECAUSE THEY MADE
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| 00:55:06 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
IT VERY AWKWARD FOR THE DOCTORS AND FOR THE GUARDS TO GO IN EITHER. HE WAS A DANGEROUS MAN AT THE VERY END. HE WAS TURNING ON PRACTICALLY ALL OF HIS...
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| 00:55:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
WRITE THE BOLSHEVIKS WERE UNIVERSAL MILITANTS. THEY AIM TO TURN THE WORLD UPSIDE DOWN AND BUILD A REVOLUTIONARY SOCIETY, CULTURE, ECONOMY AND POLITICS....
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| 00:56:08 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
A RUTHLESSNESS THAT BLINDED THEM TO THE DANGERS OF USING THE METHODS OF BUILDING THAT PARADISE. WHAT SORT OF PARADISE WAS IT WHERE THE PARADISE ALWAYS...
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| 00:56:45 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
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| 00:56:47 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
THE WEST IN THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND I'M GOING TO DO A SECOND ON THE SOVIET UNION AND THE WEST AT THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND I THINK THERE ARE LOTS...
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| 00:57:12 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
OF THE BOOK STALIN, 715 PAGES. AND JUST RECENTLY THE 2009 RELEASE OF TROTSKY, 600 PAGES. ALL PUBLISHED BY HARVARD BELMONT. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING...
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| 00:57:38 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
FOR A DVD CUP OF THIS PROGRAM CALL
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| 00:57:53 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
FOR FREE TREND SCRIPPS OR TO GIVE US YOUR COMMENTS ABOUT THIS PROGRAM, VISIT US AT Q &A.ORG. [CAPTIONING PERFORMED BY NATIONAL CAPTIONING INSTITUTE]...
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| 00:58:23 |
Unidentified Speaker, -
TECHNIQUES AND HIS VISIT TO
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NOTE: The transcript for this program was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.