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00:02:1914 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

We will resume the hearings. We are just a

few minutes tardy because we just finished a vote, and we now

turn to Senator Grassley for his...

00:02:3328 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Thank you.

Once again, I compliment you on how you have handled yourself

at these hearings. You have done very well. It is going to be very

hard...

00:03:0133 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, I certainly agree that every citizen who

meets the qualifications not only has the right to vote but should

vote. I think it’s a problem...

00:03:341 min.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Thank you.

The Supreme Court has repeatedly stated that the legislative

history of a particular bill is critical to interpretation of the...

00:05:182 min.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Sure. Well, if I leave one out, you can remind

me at the end. But obviously when you are dealing with interpreting

a statute, the most important...

00:07:3117 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

And you didn’t address Justice Scalia, but let

me put it another way so I don’t put you in a bad position. You

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00:07:4843 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

In some instances, I think if you look at it carefully,

you can make an assessment that this is a reliable guide.

And one area I didn’t...

00:08:312 min.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

In regard to how you view and use legislative

history, I would like to discuss your opinion in the Totten v. Bombardier

Corporation case...

00:11:122 min.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, Senator, the answer to your question is it’s

certainly possible that the majority in that case didn’t get it right

and that the dissent...

00:13:3648 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Let me tell you something you might not be

aware of, and that is that the Bush administration has filed an

amicus brief in the Eleventh...

00:14:2428 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, not on that one. I do know the Bush administration

filed an amicus brief in our case as well. I guess this

would be one of those cases...

00:14:521 min.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Well, I hope sitting in the marble palace you

will remember that I have great pride in the success of the False

Claims Act—$8 billion coming...

00:15:592 min.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, you’ve touched on a case that’s very close

to my heart, Senator. It was the first case I argued before the Supreme

Court. I was appointed...

00:17:5941 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Are you familiar with the legal arguments

that some opponents of the False Claims Act have made to the effect

that its qui tam provisions...

00:18:401 min.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I think, if my memory serves, that the Article

III objections, and just so we’re on the same page, the qui tam statutes,

of course, are...

00:20:2815 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Other than the Totten case and the Halper

case, have you ever written or spoken publicly about the issue of

the constitutionality of qui...

00:20:433 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I don’t remember any, no, Senator.

00:20:4624 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Okay. Judge Roberts, in 1986, while serving

as an Associate White House Counsel, you approved Reagan administration

testimony regarding...

00:21:1035 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I don’t recall any role, Senator. Our office—the

Counsel’s office would routinely review testimony that was about to

be given. We were just...

00:21:459 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Do you feel that you have any bias against

the False Claims Act or Whistleblower Protection Act that would

impact on your ability to fairly...

00:21:5422 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

No, Senator. I have had some whistleblower

cases, different aspects I do recall coming up in the Court of Ap-

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00:22:164 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Are you against cameras in the courtroom

like Justice Rehnquist was?

00:22:2021 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, you know, my new best friend, Senator

Thompson, assures me that television cameras are nothing to be

afraid of—

[Laughter.]

—but...

00:22:417 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

I would suggest then to the Chairman that

we move quickly on that bill before he has got an opinion on it.

[Laughter.]

00:22:484 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

I intend to do just that, Senator Grassley,

now that I have your support.

00:22:521 sec.
Grassley, Charles "Chuck" E. - U.S. Senator, [R] Iowa

Thank you.

00:22:532 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

Thank you, Senator Grassley.

Senator Biden?

00:22:552 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Good morning, Judge. How are you?

00:22:572 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Good morning, Senator. Fine, thanks.

00:22:5928 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

I went back and looked at something you said

yesterday, which I was reminded of by my son, who has done some

appellate work—nothing like...

00:23:273 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I am used to being interrupted before the court,

that is for sure, Senator.

[Laughter.]

00:23:3018 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Well, we are kind of the court here. We are kind

of the court. You are not entitled to the job, God love you. You have

been nominated and...

00:23:481 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I’ll try, Senator.

00:23:4929 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

All right. Great. I would like to follow up on yesterday.

I asked you if you agreed there was a right of privacy to

be found in the Liberty...

00:24:181 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Yes.

00:24:193 min.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Now, one of the things that has been amazing—

you are one of the best witnesses that I think has come before this

committee, and I have...

00:27:452 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, Senator, first of all—

00:27:472 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

I am not asking you to comment on any case.

00:27:491 min.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, I can say that it is my view that all of the

Justices—I think if a case like the Glucksberg case in which a majority

subscribe to...

00:29:1810 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

If I may interrupt, that is not the question I

asked you. Thank you for that lesson, and I understand what you

are saying. I am asking you...

00:29:281 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, and—

00:29:291 min.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Do you side more within that context with the

views of Scalia and Thomas, which say that consenting adults do

not have, if they are both...

00:30:5514 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, Senator, that does get into an area that is

coming before the Court. There is a case pending on the docket

right now that raises the...

00:31:092 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

It is suicide, isn’t it, Judge?

00:31:114 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, in that case, it’s the application of the Federal

Controlled Substance law.

00:31:151 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Right.

00:31:1621 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

The issue of illness in those cases do come before

the Court. The Glucksberg case raised a similar question. The

Cruzan case that you mentioned,...

00:31:3733 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Do you think the State—just talk to me as a father.

Do not talk to me—just tell me, just philosophically, what do

you think? Do you think—not...

00:32:107 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

No, I’m not going to consider issues like that in

the context as a father or a husband or anything else.

00:32:171 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Well, you did—

00:32:181 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I think—

00:32:191 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Sorry.

00:32:2059 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I think, obviously, putting aside any of those

considerations, these issues are the most difficult we face as people,

and they are profoundly...

00:33:1922 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Right. Well, Judge, let me ask you then, with

your permission, about your constitutional view. Do you think the

Constitution encompasses...

00:33:414 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, Senator, I can’t answer that question in

the abstract because—

00:33:452 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

It is not abstract, that is real.

00:33:4710 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, Senator, as a legal matter it is abstract because

the question would be in any particular case, is there a law

that applies that governs...

00:33:572 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

That is the question, Judge.

00:33:591 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, no.

00:34:0046 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Can any law trump a fundamental right to die?

Not to commit suicide, a right to decide ‘‘I no longer want to be

hooked up to this machine,...

00:34:4651 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, Senator, what I’m telling you is, as you

know, there are cases that come up in exactly that context so that

it is in play, and the...

00:35:371 min.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

That is what I want to know about because without

any knowledge of your understanding of the law, because you

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00:36:511 min.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Senator, that’s asking me for a opinion in the

abstract on a question that will come before the Court. And when

that question does come...

00:37:591 min.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Judge, I understand that. Justice Scalia says the

same thing, and draws a very fundamentally different conclusion,

and O’Connor. So you...

00:39:342 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

Without objection, they will be made a part

of the record.

00:39:362 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Senator, could I—

00:39:382 min.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

I still have the floor, and I will yield to you since

you can speak after the clock is out and I cannot, okay? I am sure

you understand...

00:42:0424 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I mean, I think you’re quite right that that is

quite often the critical question in these cases, the degree of generality

at which you...

00:42:282 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Thirty-three seconds left. Do you agree with

O’Connor then?

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00:42:302 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, I get extra time, you said.

00:42:324 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

I know. But I don’t. I’ve got to get it in now.

[Laughter.]

00:42:364 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

Judge Roberts, when his red light goes on,

you will have as much time as you want.

00:42:4012 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Thank you. The point is that, again, the Court

has precedents on precisely that question, about how you should

phrase the level of generality....

00:42:524 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

But which precedent do you agree with? There

are competing precedents.

00:42:5620 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, you do not look at the level of generality

that is the issue that’s being challenged. So, for example, in Loving

v. Virginia, if the...

00:43:165 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

But that is specific, Judge. The generality was

the right to marry. That is the generality.

00:43:211 min.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Well, that’s what I’m saying. The dispute is do

you look at it at that level of specificity or broader. And I’m saying

you do not look at...

00:44:243 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

No one is asking for a promise.

00:44:27
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

Thank you very much, Senator Biden.

00:44:272 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Thank you. Thank you, Judge.

00:44:291 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

Thank you, Senator.

00:44:302 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

Senator Kyl?

00:44:3236 sec.
Kyl, Jon - U.S. Senator, [R] Arizona

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I think this last exchange

is important because it goes back to what we talked about

at the very beginning when...

00:45:082 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

I bet I am the wise one.

00:45:103 min.
Kyl, Jon - U.S. Senator, [R] Arizona

I am sorry?

And this is what he said: ‘‘Judge, you not only have a right to

choose what you will answer and not answer, but in my view,...

00:48:382 min.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

I think that’s a concern that other nominees

have raised in the past, particularly given the expression of views

as part of the confirmation...

00:50:464 min.
Kyl, Jon - U.S. Senator, [R] Arizona

And I noted yesterday in response to a question,

you said, ‘‘Well, that is the reward for trying to be more expansive.’’

You were talking...

00:55:1331 sec.
Roberts, John G. Jr. - Judge

That’s right. There wasn’t—I don’t know if they

had as much access to that type of evidence back then when it was

argued, but it was certainly...

00:55:443 min.
Kyl, Jon - U.S. Senator, [R] Arizona

Thank you.

Well, let me conclude with this point. Some who are watching

might come to the conclusion that there is a lot of repetition here,

and...

00:59:341 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Mr. Chairman?

00:59:351 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

Senator Biden?

00:59:363 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

A point of personal privilege, as we say in this

body.

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00:59:394 sec.
Kyl, Jon - U.S. Senator, [R] Arizona

On my time, since I had 5 minutes and I referred

to Senator Biden. Please, take my time.

00:59:4312 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

Thank you. I have been quoted many times about

what I said to Justice Ginsburg. With the permission of the Chairman,

I will just take a...

00:59:553 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

Senator Biden, you may do that. You can

even have more time. Senator Kyl has given—

00:59:581 min.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

No, no, I don’t want to use the time. Let me just

say, here is what else I said. I said, ‘‘Now, I would hope, as I said

to you very briefly,...

01:01:082 sec.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

Without objection, they will be made a part

of the record.

01:01:104 sec.
Biden, Joseph "Joe" R. Jr. - U.S. Senator, [D] Delaware

I thank the Chairman for his courtesy and I

thank the witness for listening.

01:01:143 min.
Specter, Arlen - U.S. Senator, [R] Pennsylvania

It is now 12:30 and a vote, two votes have

been scheduled at this time, so we will take a lunch recess until

1:45, a quarter of 2:00.

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