Justice Kennedy introduced Professor Neely, who examined whether the Civil War shaped the judges or the judges shaped the war. He focused on a controversy between the federal government and Pennsylvania over detaining deserters without writs of habeus corpus. This controversy came to a head in the case, Kneedler v. Lane. Professor Neely used the resolution of this conflict with Lincoln’s order to suspend the writ of habeus corpus to support his conclusion that the war shaped the judges. This was the fourth in a lecture series entitled, “The Supreme Court in the Civil War.”