At the closing plenary session, the main topic of discussion was education. Gov. Ashcroft, present chairman of the National Governors' Association, opened the session with a talk on the progess made in education and the goals not yet reached. Mr. Whittle talked about “Inventing New Schools” which included discussion on the Channel 1 education project and the Edison Project. Mr. Shanker spoke against Mr. Wittle’s private, profit making schools. He argued that the schools would exclude some children and regulate to strictly methods of learning. After the two presentations, Mr. Wittle and Mr. Shanker responded to the governors' questions.