The speakers focused on the early U.S. presidents and the effect of religion on their presidencies. President Washington was referred to as a Deist. President Jefferson was secretive about his religious beliefs, and even his family did not know about his editing of the New Testament until after his death. Professor Pinheiro researched the point of view of citizens: how their religious beliefs affected their view of the president's foreign policy and the place of U.S. in history. After their presentations the speakers answered audience members' questions.