After prayers, hymns, and other speeches, Senator Barack Obama, a Democratic presidential candidate, delivered the keynote speech at a commemoration of "Bloody Sunday." Using Biblical references, he said that the current "Joshua generation" must praise the 1965 civil rights marchers who were responsible for African Americans being able to rise to high office and responsible positions. He also talked about his family's history, and the importance of education. The annual "Bridge Crossing Jubilee" commemorates the 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery voting rights march. State troopers and county sheriff's deputies used billy clubs and tear gas to turn back marchers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma on March 7, 1965. The attack became known as "Bloody Sunday." National reaction to the attack helped galvanize support for minority voting rights, leading to the passage of the Voting Rights Act. Senator Obama spoke at Brown Chapel A.M.E Church, where the marchers gathered on "Bloody Sunday." The program begins abruptly and ends abruptly.