Witnesses testified on racial profiling and state immigration laws in Alabama and Arizona, relations between law enforcement and African-Americans, as well as anti-terrorism efforts that target American Muslims. One of the witnesses was Senator Benjamin Cardin (D-MD), who had introduced legislation called the 'End Racial Profiling Act'. Witnesses also talked about closing loopholes in the U.S. Department of Justice’s racial profiling guidance, and the Justice Department Civil Rights Division’s enforcement of federal civil rights laws to prevent profiling by state and local law enforcement agencies.