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| TIME | SPEAKER | TEXT |
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| 00:00:06 |
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KEN AULETTA ON C-SPAN'S Q & A SUNDAY AT 8:00 P.M. EASTERN AND PACIFIC. |
| 00:00:14 |
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PULITZER PRIZE-WINNING HUSBAND AND WIFE TEAM SHERYL WUDUNN AND NICHOLAS KRISTOF PROFILE WOMEN LIVING... |
| 00:00:46 |
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WELCOME EVERYONE. I SHOULD START WITH FULL DISCLOSURE WHICH IS NICK AND SHERYL ARE NOT EVEN COLLEAGUES... |
| 00:01:09 |
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IT SOUNDS LIKE A VERY LOFTY GOAL, BUT WHAT WE REALLY WANT IS EVERY INDIVIDUAL TO REALLY THINK THAT... |
| 00:01:56 |
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BUT THAT IS NOT WHERE YOU STARTED. YOU STARTED AS FOLLOWING THE NEWS RATHER THEN STEPPING BACK AND... |
| 00:02:08 |
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WHEN WE WERE COVERING CHINA, WE WERE FOCUSED IN 1989 ON THE TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE IN IT WAS CONSUMING,... |
| 00:03:01 |
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SHERYL IT IS NOT A MATTER BUT FOR THE GRACE OF GOD AND IMMIGRANT GRANDPARENTS, I MIGHT HAVE BEEN,... |
| 00:03:13 |
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IN MANY WAYS IT IS BOTH. MY GRANDMOTHER'S FEET WERE BOUND SO BASICALLY IN THREE GENERATIONS, LOOK... |
| 00:03:56 |
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I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THAT WOULD BE YOUR MOTIVATION IN THIS IS WHAT I'M GOING TO FOCUS MY INTELLECTUAL... |
| 00:04:19 |
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GIVE US SOME CREDIT, COME ON. [LAUGHTER] WELL, I THINK IT WAS GRADUAL. PART OF IT WAS SIMPLY THIS ... |
| 00:07:04 |
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YOU REFER TO IT AS SLAVERY AND ONE OF THE POINTS IN THE BOOK IS THAT THIS IS NOT PROSTITUTION. WE... |
| 00:07:25 |
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ABSOLUTELY. IN MANY WAYS, THEY CALL IT SEX TRAFFICKING BUT THERE IS NO EXCHANGE THERE. NO ONE IS... |
| 00:09:12 |
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AND IT IS GENERATIONAL. YOUR MOTHER IS BORN INTO A. TELL ABOUT NENA. |
| 00:09:18 |
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THIS IS NOT TRUE IN MOST PARTS OF THE WORLD BUT IN INDIA, THE BROTHELS BREED A NEW GENERATION OF SLAVES... |
| 00:11:57 |
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OF THE BOOK IS FILLED WITH THE INDIVIDUAL STORIES, ONE AT A TIME AND PAGE BY PAGE IAS FOLLOWING--... |
| 00:12:32 |
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WE WANTED TO WRITE A 10,000 PAGE BUT BECAUSE THERE WERE SO MANY OTHERS, TO STAY GET OUT. |
| 00:12:40 |
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WE REALLY THOUGHT ABOUT HOW COME IT BECAUSE IT WAS SO IMPORTANT FOR US TO WRITE ABOUT BOTH THE EVIL... |
| 00:14:59 |
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IT IS STRIKING THAT IN SOCIETIES WHEN WOMEN BEGIN TO HAVE FINANCIAL VALUE THEY DO GAIN SOCIAL VALUE... |
| 00:15:17 |
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AND IN THE COUNTRIES WHERE THEY HAVE NO VALUE THEY HAVE NO VALUE. THE DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME OF RITUALISTIC... |
| 00:15:47 |
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AFGHANISTAN WHERE WE ARE NOW ENGAGED IS A CASE WHERE WOMEN ARE INDEED TREATED JUST ABOUT THE BOTTOM... |
| 00:16:48 |
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THE DISCONNECT BETWEEN WHERE YOU WERE IN WHERE SHE WAS. |
| 00:16:53 |
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AND I GOT THIS E-MAIL FROM HER SAYING, DAD, YOU HAD BETTER NOT MARRY ME OFF RIGHT NOW. [LAUGHTER] ... |
| 00:17:18 |
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MAYBE WE COULD SHOW THEM NUMBER SEVEN, PHONE NUMBER SEVEN. I DON'T KNOW WHETHER THAT IS POSSIBLE... |
| 00:19:27 |
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UP TO 100 MILLION DON'T SURVIVE BASICALLY? YOU ARE NOT AS HONORABLE ITS YOU WERE. ALL OF THE THINGS... |
| 00:20:10 |
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ALSO ONE MISCONCEPTION AND I FEEL PARTLY IMPELLED AS THE ROLE OF THE MAN HERE TO MAKE IT, IS THAT... |
| 00:20:22 |
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YES, AND THAT WAS ONE OF MY QUESTIONS. BUT WHAT IS STRIKING IS THAT THESE ARE WHAT MOTHERS HOLDING... |
| 00:20:36 |
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EXACTLY. EVEN THE MASS RAPES AND CONLIN LIBRARY, IN 20% OF THE CASES WOMEN ARE ACTUALLY PARTICIPATING... |
| 00:21:40 |
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IT IS ALSO AN INTERESTING WAY OF LOOKING AT WHAT WE THINK OF THIS HUMAN NATURE. WE THINK THAT THE... |
| 00:22:06 |
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IT IS A LOT MORE COMPLICATED THAN THAT BECAUSE ON THE OTHER HAND, IN PLACES IN AFRICA, AND IN OTHER... |
| 00:22:55 |
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I WAS GOING TO MAKE A POINT, THIS IS NOT OUR HOUSEHOLD. WHEN A WOMAN CONTROLS THE PURSE STRINGS-- [LAUGHTER]... |
| 00:23:27 |
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THERE ARE MANY CASES OF WOMEN FIGHTING FOR THEIR KIDS IN THE MIDST OF THIS. |
| 00:23:32 |
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CUMMINS WE CAN TALK ABOUT THIS OVER A BEER AFTERWARDS. [LAUGHTER] |
| 00:23:46 |
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HOUSEHOLD SPENDING. [LAUGHTER] I THINK THAT MOTHERS, THEY LOVE THEIR DAUGHTERS. I HAVE SEEN THIS, BUT... |
| 00:24:43 |
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NUMBER FIVE. |
| 00:24:48 |
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IF YOU GO TO SLIDE FIVE, THAT IS, THAT IS A SCENE IN ETHIOPIA. IT WAS AN EMERGENCY SHELTER AND IT WAS... |
| 00:26:04 |
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WHICH IT HAS HAD TRANSFORMATIVE THE EFFECT. YOU HAVE CHRONICLE SOME OF THE TRANSFORMED THE NEXT. |
| 00:26:10 |
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IT IS A GREAT INVESTMENT. IT BRINGS REAL NET ECONOMIC RETURNS TO THE HOUSEHOLD, TO COUNTRY AND SOCIETY.... |
| 00:26:20 |
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FOR EXAMPLE, TELL ME ABOUT A SCHOOL THAT HAS CHANGED A COMMUNITY. |
| 00:26:27 |
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I HATE TO SAY CHINA AGAIN. THE STORY THAT WE THINK REALLY SYMBOLIZES THIS HOUSE EDUCATION CAN REALLY... |
| 00:29:23 |
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SUDDENLY THEY WERE VERY INTERESTED IN MAKING A GENEROUS DONATION. |
| 00:29:30 |
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THE ENTIRE SCHOOL, EVERYBODY WENT ON TO THE MIDDLE SCHOOL, WENT ON TO HIGH SCHOOL. SHE WENT TO VOCATIONAL... |
| 00:30:17 |
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THE MORAL OF THE STORY IS WE NEED MORE ILLITERATE BANKERS. [LAUGHTER] |
| 00:30:24 |
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EDUCATION AS GOOD OR BECAUSE THERE'S A LOT OF EDUCATION IN THIS PARTICULAR CASE? THERE IS EDUCATION... |
| 00:30:54 |
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THIS IS A WOMAN THAT ACTUALLY JUST OF THAT WAS COMING HERE I GOT AN E-MAIL FROM HER AND I DIDN'T GET... |
| 00:33:19 |
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IT DOESN'T ALWAYS WORK THE WAY IT IS GOING TO AND I WAS STRUCK BY SO MANY OF YOUR STORIES THAT YOU... |
| 00:33:42 |
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U.N. SHERYL MIGHT WANT TO TALK ABOUT IT. THAT WAS STEPPING OVER A LINE AND YOU HAVE DONE IT A COUPLE... |
| 00:34:04 |
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REALLY WHAT HAPPENED IS, THERE WAS ALSO THIS EARLIER TRIP IN 1996 WERE IN THAT THESE TWO GIRLS AND... |
| 00:36:26 |
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BROTHEL PRESUMABLY DELIBERATELY CULTIVATED THAT ADDICTION AS A WAY OF CONTROLLING HER, AND SO SHE... |
| 00:37:40 |
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AND PROBABLY BECAUSE HE WAS A FORMER CLINT OF THE BROTHEL. |
| 00:37:46 |
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SHE IS NOW INDEED OUT OF THE BROTHEL AND THAT BRAVO IS CLOSED DOWN BECAUSE WE CHANGED THE CALCULATIONS... |
| 00:37:55 |
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YES, THERE IS GOOD NEWS AND THAT IS THE POINT I THINK AND IT IS NOT ONE BULLET. IT IS NOT ONE PIECE... |
| 00:38:23 |
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IT IS A LOT OF THINGS. IT TAKES AN INTEGRATED APPROACH. THERE IS AND ONE SILVER BULLET. THERE'S JUST... |
| 00:39:49 |
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IT IS ALSO COMING FROM WITHIN. WOMEN ARE STARTING TO FIGHT BACK? |
| 00:39:55 |
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ABSOLUTELY, AND I THINK THAT THIS REALLY IS BEING APPRECIATED INCREASINGLY AS TRULY THE CAUSE OF OUR... |
| 00:41:29 |
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ARE THEY ALSO COMING BACK PHYSICALLY? ARE WOMEN WHO USED TO BE PHYSICAL VICTIMS-- IT WAS A REMARKABLE... |
| 00:41:39 |
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THAT IS A STORY WHERE THIS WOMAN WHO WAS VERY WELL EDUCATED, AND WAS DESTINED TO BE HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT.... |
| 00:42:03 |
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YOUR DESCRIPTION GOES ON FOR THREE PAGES. THIS MAN WAS. EVIL. |
| 00:42:09 |
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HE REALLY ANTAGONIZED THE LOCAL POPULATION NANNY JUST HAPPEN TO PICK ON ONE OF HER NEIGHBORS AND SO... |
| 00:43:57 |
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THIS WAS PLANNED. |
| 00:43:58 |
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PEPPER AND KNIVES IN THEIR CLOSE. |
| 00:43:59 |
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THEY EACH BASICALLY TICKETS THAT AND THEY KILLED HIM. BASICALLY, SO WHEN THEY WERE GOING TO PROSECUTE... |
| 00:44:19 |
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IS THIS THE PLOT OF MURDER ON THE ORIENT EXPRESS? [LAUGHTER] BUT THE WOMEN GOT TOGETHER FOR REVENGE... |
| 00:44:33 |
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THEY STOOD UP AND THAT WAS A REMARKABLE TURNABOUT IN THAT VILLAGE. |
| 00:44:39 |
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SO FAR ANN TURPEN KNOWERS, HOW DO YOU DEFINE THEM? WHAT ARE THEY? |
| 00:44:43 |
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I THINK THIS IS REALLY ONE OF THE MORE PROMISING CHANGES THAT HAS COME ABOUT. WHEN WE WERE, WHEN WE... |
| 00:46:22 |
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YOU HAVE GOTTEN PERSONALLY INVOLVED WITH A LOT OF THESE PEOPLE. THE I FEEL RESPONSIBLE FOR THEM PERSONALLY?... |
| 00:46:31 |
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CERTAINLY THEY DID IT. THEY DID THAT TURN AROUND. THERE REMARKABLE PEOPLE. BUT, WHAT THEY THINK IS... |
| 00:47:23 |
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EVERY SINGLE ONE OF THESE WOMEN, SOME OF THEM HAD BEEN TO HELL AND BACK COME MORTIFYING EXPERIENCES,... |
| 00:47:39 |
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ONE OF THE CHALLENGES OF JOURNALISM IS HOW YOU BUILD A CONNECTION, HOW YOU GET PEOPLE TO EMPATHIZE... |
| 00:50:08 |
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THAT IS WHAT IS STRIKING. PEOPLE PHILIP THEY DON'T USE MY NAME, IF THERE NEIGHBOR MIGHT READ IT AND... |
| 00:50:22 |
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PEOPLE ASK ALL THE TIME IF IT ISN'T INCREDIBLY DEPRESSING TO GO TO PAKISTAN ONE WEEK, CONGO ANOTHER... |
| 00:50:46 |
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THE ASSET. |
| 00:50:47 |
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YOU SEE SOME ABSOLUTELY TERRIBLE THINGS BUT YOU ALSO-- THIS IS A WOMAN WE MET RECENTLY TO HUTTER I... |
| 00:51:41 |
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WE DON'T KNOW THE CHILDREN LIKE THAT. BUT YES. WHAT DO YOU TELL YOUR KIDS? THESE ARE SOME GRAPHIC,... |
| 00:51:54 |
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THEY CAME TO CAMBODIA WITH US AND WE TALKED A LOT ABOUT THIS. DO WE TAKE THEM TO THE BROTHEL OR NOT?... |
| 00:52:13 |
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MY DAUGHTER ESPECIALLY WHEN SHE MET THE GIRL WHO HAD YOUR EYE GOUGED OUT, WE TALKED A LOT ABOUT IT... |
| 00:52:44 |
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HOW WAS IT MANIFESTING IN THAT GENERATION? WHAT DO THEY WANT TO DO? HOW DID THEY SEE THE WORLD DIFFERENTLY?... |
| 00:52:54 |
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NO, ACTUALLY WE ARE FINDING THAT THERE IS A HUGE AMOUNT DID YOU OUT HOW TO HELP AND A LOT OF THE YOUNG... |
| 00:53:29 |
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THAT IS ONE OF YOUR MESSAGES, BASICALLY TO GET OUT OF TOWN, GIVE THAT OF THESE BORDERS, GO SEE THIS... |
| 00:53:48 |
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I DO ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO GO IN GENERAL. I THINK ONE OF THE FAILINGS OF AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES IS THEY... |
| 00:54:42 |
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I WAS WONDERING HOW YOU WERE GOING TO DO THAT. |
| 00:54:45 |
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TO MAKE IT A LITTLE WORSE IT IS THE EQUIVALENT, THE CONJUGATION IS THE EQUIVALENT OF THE FAMILIAR,... |
| 00:56:02 |
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YOU DO HAVE TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS AND BE SAFE WHEN YOU TRAVEL. |
| 00:56:05 |
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THERE ARE OF GREAT PRECAUTIONS ON YOUR BLOG. YOU ONCE PUT ON A BLOG POSTING HERE IS HOW YOU GO TO... |
| 00:58:16 |
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WE STARTED A WEBSITE CALLED HALFTHESKYMOVEMENT.ORG AND LIST ORGANIZATIONS DURING FANTASTIC WORK ON... |
| 00:58:29 |
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AND WE SHOULD ALL THE CARE WHY? |
| 00:58:31 |
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WELL, PARTLY BECAUSE IT'S THE RIGHT THING TO DO, AND WHEN YOU SEE A GIRL LIKE THAT THAT HAS NOT HEARD... |
| 00:59:24 |
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ON THAT NOTE WE HAVE TO MICROPHONES WE ARE OPENING ON THE SIDES. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS YOU CAN GO... |
| 00:59:43 |
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WHAT ROLE DOES AMERICA PLAY IN MAKING THIS WORSE? |
| 00:59:53 |
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MAKING IT WORSE? |
| 00:59:55 |
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WELL, THWACK OF FOREIGN AID I SUPPOSE. THE AID HAS BEEN CRITICIZED A LOT AND IT'S A STRONG ON LAW.... |
| 01:01:37 |
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THIS COMES FROM A EXPERIENCE I HAD RECENTLY IN SIERRA LEONE AND RELATES WHAT SHERYL WAS RECENTLY SAYING.... |
| 01:02:46 |
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WELL THAT KIND OF PROBLEM OF HAVING ALL THE TIME OF AROUND HOSPITALS YOU SEE IN POOR COUNTRIES GOODS... |
| 01:04:33 |
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YOU'VE MADE MANY REFERENCES TO AFGHANISTAN AND I WAS JUST WONDERING WHETHER YOU WERE AWARE IN YOUR... |
| 01:04:50 |
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ABSOLUTELY I AM A GREAT FAN OF MORTON'S AND WHO WROTE "THREE CUPS OF TEA." I RECOMMEND THE BOOK AND... |
| 01:05:40 |
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THANK YOU. |
| 01:05:43 |
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YOU MENTIONED EARLIER THAT IN AFRICA THERE SEEMED TO BE A PROBLEM WITH MICHAEL FINANCING AND I WONDERED... |
| 01:05:56 |
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THE MICROFINANCE MODEL HAS WORKED VERY WELL IN BANGLADESH FOR EXAMPLE AND PARTS OF INDIA. IT'S NOW... |
| 01:08:03 |
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I WORK FOR AN AGENCY CALLED MUR C-CORP AND I JUST WANTED TO LET PEOPLE KNOW THAT GROUPS LIKE MUR C-CORP... |
| 01:08:51 |
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THERE ARE SEVERAL THINGS. WE DID LOOK AT THIS MOVEMENTS CAREFULLY. YOU KNOW, FIRST ALL IT IS THAT... |
| 01:10:45 |
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MY QUESTION RELATES TO COME AND BUY A VOLUNTEER FOR ANOTHER ORGANIZATION CALLED THE NOT FOR SALE CAMPAIGN.... |
| 01:11:24 |
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SURE. IN THE WORST COUNTRIES THE FOREIGN COMPONENT ESPECIALLY WESTERN COMPONENT IS SMALL. 99% OF... |
| 01:12:48 |
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I WORK FOR AN ORGANIZATION THAT AND HOW WAS WOMEN IN LATIN AMERICA THROUGH SMALL LOANS, SAVINGS, HEALTHCARE... |
| 01:13:24 |
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YOU KNOW -- GO AHEAD. |
| 01:13:25 |
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WE HAVE TRAVELED TO LATIN AMERICA. THERE ARE SOME STORIES FROM ESPECIALLY SOUTH AMERICA IN THE BOOK... |
| 01:14:48 |
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MY QUESTION RELATES TO YOU TOUCHED UPON IN YOUR BOOK, MORE THAN TOUCHED UPON, THE INFLUENCE ON RELIGION... |
| 01:15:14 |
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YOU MEAN THE CHURCHES? |
| 01:15:15 |
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I'M TRYING TO BE DELICATE ABOUT THE QUESTION. ONE OF YOUR CHAPTERS IS ISLAM AND MISOGYNY AND YOU ALSO... |
| 01:15:52 |
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IT IS VERY COMPLICATED. IN TERMS OF ISLAM YOU KNOW IT'S INTERESTING. IT'S A QUESTION THAT EVERYBODY... |
| 01:18:32 |
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OKAY I'M WATCHING THE CLOCK AND I THINK YOU ARE THE LAST THREE QUESTIONS. I'M NOT GOING TO TELL ANYONE... |
| 01:18:39 |
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OKAY I FOLLOW YOUR COLUMN ALL THE TIME, NICK, AND I ENJOY READING ABOUT THE CONTEST YOU HAD A WHILE... |
| 01:19:04 |
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WELL, ORIGINALLY THE CONTEST WAS ENVISIONED AS A WAY TO COVER DARFUR TO GET PEOPLE TO CARE ABOUT DARFUR.... |
| 01:20:50 |
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THESE ARE THE LAST TWO QUESTIONS. MICK AND SHERYL ARE GOING TO BE SIGNING BOOKS. |
| 01:20:57 |
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THANK YOU. I DON'T HAVE ANY FIRST-PERSON EXPERIENCE WITH THE KIND OF POVERTY AND DEPRIVATION THAT... |
| 01:22:26 |
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I WILL TAKE THAT LAST QUESTION, THE LAST PART FIRST. AGAIN, MY GRANDMOTHER'S FEET WERE BOUND, AND... |
| 01:23:33 |
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IT ALWAYS STRIKES ME HOW WELL ADJUSTED AND HAPPY PEOPLE SEEM IN A LOT OF THE POOR SOCIETIES ESPECIALLY... |
| 01:24:38 |
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I WAS ACTUALLY AT THE EARLIER PANEL AT THE U.N. BUT I'M NOT STALKING YOU. [LAUGHTER] JUST A COUPLE... |
| 01:25:53 |
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I THINK THAT THE LACK OF COMMERCIAL ROLE FOR WOMEN AND THE LACK OF WE'RE IN THE TRADITIONAL SOCIETY... |
| 01:27:10 |
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I WANT TO THANK ALL OF YOU FOR COMING TONIGHT. [APPLAUSE] I WANT TO THANK MICK AND SHERYL. [APPLAUSE]... |
| 01:27:23 |
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NICHOLAS KRISTOF, A PULITZER PRIZE-WINNING COLUMNIST FOR "THE NEW YORK TIMES" IS THE CO-AUTHOR OF... |
NOTE: The transcript for this program was compiled from uncorrected Closed Captioning.
