Witnesses testified about federal mandatory minimum laws for crack cocaine. Under current federal law it takes 100 times more powder cocaine than crack to trigger the five- and ten-year mandatory minimum sentences and crack is the only drug for which there exists a mandatory minimum for simple possession. Witnesses testified about the race bias in the law, the cost to society from longer jail sentences, and the law’s unpopularity with judges. Representatives Rangel, Lee, and Bartlett were the first witnesses.